土壤硬度对烤烟生产的影响及原因分析

摘要

土壤紧实是影响土壤质量和作物生长的关键限制因子之一,为揭示土壤硬度对烟叶生产的影响及相关因素,分析了豫中南烟区襄县、郏县和泌阳等三地烟叶经济性状、土壤硬度特征及其与土壤理化和生物学指标的关系.结果表明:豫中南烟区土壤表层硬度为19.78 kg·cm-2,次表层硬度为40.72 kg·cm-2.土壤表层硬度和次表层硬度在10~30 kg cm-2和30~50 kg·cm-2区间的样品比例分别占86.7%和69.3%.三县之间土壤表层硬度及烟叶产量产值差异不大,郏县土壤次表层硬度高于泌阳.土壤表层硬度高于30 kg·cm-2时,显著影响烟叶产量、产值和上等烟比例.土壤表层硬度与次表层硬度、黏粒含量、容重呈显著正相关,与粉砂粒含量、总孔隙度、碱解氮、土壤蛋白、活性有机碳和磷酸酶活性呈显著负相关.%Soil compaction is one of the key constraints on soil quality and crop growth in cultivated land. In order to study the infl uence of soil hardness on flue-cured tobacco production and to analyze its causes, soil samples from Henan central south tobacco-planting areas including counties of Biyang, Jiaxian and Xiangxian were collected, and economic traits and characteristics of soil hardness and its correlation with soil physical, chemical and biological indexes were analyzed. Results showed that soil surface hardness and subsurface hardness were 19.78 kg·cm-2and 40.72 kg·cm-2, respectively. Soil surface hardness and subsurface hardness accounted for 86.7% and 69.3% of the samples in the range of 10-30 kg·cm-2and 30-50 kg·cm-2, respectively. Soil surface hardness and tobacco yield and output value among the three counties showed no signifi cant diff erences, whereas soil subsurface hardness in Biyang was lower than that in Jixian. Yield, value and the proportion of superior leaves were signifi cantly aff ected under the condition of soil surface hardness above 30 kg·cm-2. Soil surface hardness was positively correlated with subsurface hardness, clay content and bulk density, and negatively correlated with silt content, total porosity, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content, soil protein index, active carbon content and phosphatase activity.