新疆不同生态区域苜蓿花粉败育情况及影响因素的细胞学研究

摘要

连续2年对新疆4个生态区域8个观测点的苜蓿花粉败育情况及影响因素的细胞学进行研究,结果显示,1)不同生态区域苜蓿花粉的败育率不同,而同一生态区不同观测点之间也不同;2008年北疆塔城地区3个观测点苜蓿花粉败育率分别为(20.05±5.33)％,(23.41±3.76)％,(29.80±5.45)％,(P＜0.05)；伊犁地区为(28.34±3.19)％；呼图壁两观测点苜蓿花粉败育率分别为:(15.57±2.18)％,(31.47±4.59)％,(P＜0.05)；南疆地区2个观测点的北疆小叶与新疆大叶苜蓿的花粉败育率分别为(20.79±2.89)％,(26.51±4.74)％,(P＜0.05)；2)同一观测点不同年份之间苜蓿花粉的败育率表现出极显著差异,2007,2008连续2年对新疆呼图壁种子基地的新牧1号杂花苜蓿与新疆大叶苜蓿进行观测显示:2007年2个苜蓿品种的花粉败育率分别为(37.96±2.10)％,(38.70±2.40)％;2008年则分别为(15.57±2.18)％,(31.47±4.59)％,(P＜0.01)；3)在群体水平上,花期不同阶段花粉败育率没表现出显著性差异；在同一株上苜蓿花粉的败育率在单花之间差异很大,但没有明显的位置和时间效应；4)从花粉发育的细胞学特点看,无明显的制约因素影响花粉的发育.受环境因素影响,绒毡层降解时期的波动是导致同一苜蓿品种在年份和区域之间差异的主要原因.%Research on pollen abortion of alfalfa (Medicago) and cytological observation of factors affecting it was carried out for two years in four different ecological regions of alfalfa including eight observation points in Xinjiang. 1) The pollen abortion percentages differed significantly between the different ecological regions and between different alfalfa plots in the same region. In 2008, the pollen abortion percentage of different alfalfa plots were: Tacheng (20. 05±5. 33)%, (23. 41±3. 76)%, (29.80 + 5.45)%, (P<0. 05); Yili(28. 34 +3.19)%; Hutubi(15.57 ± 2.18)%, (31. 47 ± 4. 59)% , (F<0. 05); Hetian(20. 79 ± 2. 89) %, (26. 51 ±4. 74)% , (F<0. 05). 2) The alfalfa pollen abortion percentages were significantly different between different years at the same observation point. In 2007, the alfalfa pollen abortion percentage of M. Varia cv. Xinmu No. 1 and M. Sativa cv. Xinjiang Daye were (37. 96±2. 10)% and (38. 70±2. 40)% respectively in the Hutubi alfalfa seed base, and in 2008 the alfalfa pollen abortion percentages were (15. 57 ± 2. 18)% and (31. 47± 4. 59)% , (P<0. 01). 3) At the group level, pollen abortion percentages did not show significant differences at different stages of anthesis, but did have a significant differences between single flowers distributed on the same alfalfa plant, but with no obvious location or time effect. 4) From the cytological characteristics of pollen development, there was no significant limiting factor affecting pollen abortion during pollen development. The fluctuatation of the tapetum degradation period was influenced by environmental factors leading to differences of pollen abortion of the same alfalfa variety between different ecologic region and years.