目的 观察岛叶的形态学特征,分析大脑中动脉各分支与岛叶的关系,为相关手术提供理论基础.方法 12例(24侧)国人成人头颅湿标本,显微镜下解剖外侧裂及岛叶区.观察岛叶的形态学特征及毗邻;分析岛叶区动脉类型及最外侧豆纹动脉的位置.结果 岛叶位于外侧裂深部,前、上、下环岛沟将岛叶与额眶盖、额顶盖及颞盖皮质分开.上环岛沟平均长度为58.2 cm,前环岛沟平均长度为27.9 cm,下环岛沟平均长度为50.4 cm.3个岛短回和2个岛长回构成岛叶见于21侧半球(87.5%).岛叶沟回自前下部向后上部放射状延伸.大脑中动脉M2段的干支、皮层支及终末支走行岛叶区.它们发出的岛叶动脉供应岛叶皮层.外侧豆纹动脉可起自主分叉、上下干及早期分支,最外侧豆纹动脉的位置变异较大.结论 岛叶位置深在,皮层表面血管分布密集.掌握岛叶形态学特点及岛叶区动脉类型,将有助于该部位病变手术质量的提高.%Objective To define the topographic anatomy and arterial relationships of the insula. Methods The gyri and sulci of the insula, the relationships of the middle cerebral artery and the insula were studied in 24 cadaveric cerebral hemispheres. Results The periinsular sulci( anterior , superior, and inferior) defined the limits of the frontoorbital, frontoparietal, and temporal opercula. The opercula covered and enclosed the insula. The longest periinsula sulci was the superior(averaged length 58. 2 cm) ,and the shortest is the anterior periinsula sulci(averaged length 27. 9 cm). The insular cortex was composed of three anteriorly placed short gyri and two posteriorly placed long gyri, which were separated by the central insular sulcus( 21 hemispheres,87. 5％). The trunk,the stem,the cortical and terminal branches of the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery passed through the insular cortex, and formed a arterial wall. The most lateral lenticulostriate artery may arise from the M1 segment , superior and inferior trunk , and the early branches. Conclusion An understanding of the topographic anatomy of the insular region may facilitate a safer and more precise surgical exploration in operation.
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