海岸线与海岸景观格局对人为干扰度的动态响应——以营口市南部海岸为例

摘要

Multi-temporal remote sensing data were used to extract coastline change information and calculate fractal dimensions from 1990 to 2015 for the south coast of Yingkou.Fishnet tools in Arcgis10.2 were used to create the analysis units.This study explored the dynamic response of the coastline and coastal landscape patterns to Hemeroby along the south coast of Yingkou using landscape pattern and Hemeroby indexes.The results showed that (1) Reclamation increased the shoreline and coastline fractal dimensions.Shoreline annual growth rate were 0.52％ (1990-2000),0.53％ (2000-2005),4.98％ (2005-2010),and 0.96％ (2010-2015);(2) The landscape pattern index reflected the landscape boundary,complexity,and fragmentation of the landscape,which increased prior to 2005,but exhibited a decreasing trend thereafter.(3) During the study period,the areas of low and high Hemeroby increased,whereas the area of moderate intensity decreased.(4) Synchronous changes occurred in Patch Density,Edge Density,Total Edge,Landscape Shape Index,Mean Fractal Dimension and the Hemeroby Index.The Shannon diversity index was inversely related to human disturbance intensity.(5) The change in shoreline length and shoreline fractal dimensions was negatively correlated with the degree of human disturbance,with correlation coefficients of-0.97 and-0.98,respectively.This indicated that the weaker human activity was,the longer and more complex the shoreline became.%利用多期遥感数据,提取营口南部海岸五期岸线变化信息、分维值,并利用Arcgis10.2中渔网工具创建评价单元.计算景观格局指数,构建人为干扰强度指标,并进一步探讨岸线变化和景观格局变化对人类活动的动态响应.结果表明:(1)研究区围垦导致岸线长度增长、岸线分形维数的增大,1990-2015年四个时段中岸线年增长速率为0.52％、0.53％、4.98％和0.96％;(2)景观格局指数反映2005年之前景观边界、形状复杂程度与破碎程度有所增加;2005年之后景观形状趋于规则化、土地利用趋于均衡化;(3)研究期间强干扰和弱干扰区域面积均有所增加,中等干扰强度区域面积减小;(4)斑块密度、总边缘长度、边缘密度、景观形状指数和平均分维值均与平均干扰强度指数变化同步.Shannon多样性指数与人为干扰强度变化呈反相关;(5)岸线长度变化和岸线分形维数变化都与人类干扰度呈反相关,相关性分别为-0.97和-0.98.