声明
摘要
ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
Chapter One INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Research Purpose and Content
1.3 Research Significance
Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Research Status and Tendency Overseas
2.2 Research Status and Tendency Inland
2.2.1 Research of Washback Effect to English Tests
2.2.2 Research of Washback Effect of PRETCO
Chapter Three AN INTRODUCTION TO PRETCO AND WASHBACK AND THEORETICAL EVIDENCE
3.1.1 The Development Process of English Test
3.1.2 Background of Implementing PRETCO
3.1.3 Analysis of PRETCO
3.2 An Introduction to Washback
3.2.1 Definition of Washback and Related Concepts
3.2.2 The Distinction between Washback Effect and Impact
3.2.3 Relevant Properties of Washback Effect
3.3 The Mechanism of Washback Effect
3.3.2 Alderson and Wall’s 15 Washback Hypotheses
3.3.3 Bailey’s Basic Model of Washback
3.3.4 Shih’s Washback Model of Students’ Learning
Chapter Four RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Research Procedure
4.2 Research Methodology
4.2.1 Documentary Analysis
4.2.3 Interview
4.2.4 Questionnaire Survey
4.3 Data Analysis
4.3.1 Analysis on Students’ Questionnaire
4.3.2 Analysis on Teachers’ Interview
4.3.3 Analysis on Classroom Observation
Chapter Five REASEARCH CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATl0NS
5.1 Different Effects Imposed by PRETCO A to Teaching and Learning
5.1.1 Different Effects Imposed by PRETCO A to Teaching
5.1.2 Different Effects Imposed by PRETCO A to Learning
5.2 Washback Effect of PRETCO A to Teachers and Students
5.2.1 Washback Effect of PRETCO A to Teachers
5.2.2 Washback Effect of PRETCO A to Students
5.3 Implications
5.3.1 Implications to Test Itself
5.3.2 Implications to Teachers
5.3.3 Implications to Students
LIMITATlON
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS