Using Risk-Based Decision-Making Principles to Develop EP Cleanup Standards in Indonesia

摘要

Internationally, cleanup goals for Total PetroleumrnHydrocarbons and other chemicals in oil impacted soils atrnexploration and production facilities are often not readilyrnavailable. Some regulatory agencies in North America andrnEurope have set cleanup goals based on specific needs in thosernlocations. Regulators outside of those areas typically eitherrnhave not yet set cleanup goals to meet their own needs, or theyrnhave proposed very low goals based on reviews of Europeanrnand North American regulations. This has led to TPH or oilrnand grease cleanup goals that vary widely and may range fromrn50 to 10,000 mg/kg. The Indonesian environmental agency,rnBAPEDAL, has not set specific soil cleanup goals for TPH.rnPT Caltex Pacific Indonesia (CPI) has therefore developedrnhuman health risk based screening levels (RBSLs) forrnmanaging its E&P operations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Inrngeneral, RBSLs represent overall TPH or individual chemicalspecificrnlevels in soil that are protective of human health.rnThey are derived using conservative assumptions and theyrnmay be used as cleanup goals, as appropriate. In developingrnRBSLs, CPI first reviewed existing regulatory approaches tornsetting cleanup targets and then adopted a human health riskbasedrndecision making process. This approach was originallyrndeveloped by the U.S. EPA for individual chemicals andrnsubsequently refined by other groups to address complexrnpetroleum products and crude oils. It requires a detailedrnanalysis of crude oils produced in Indonesia and an in-depthrnunderstanding of the potential ways in which people might bernexposed to the crude oils. The risk-based decision makingrnapproach adopted by CPI and the development of RBSLs forrnspecific land use and human exposure conditions in Sumatrarnare described in this paper.