Abstract: Characteristics of a system of interest can be analyzed by studying the system response to a particular input. NIR spectroscopy frequently uses an impulse (time resolved spectroscopy, TRS) and a sinusoidally modulated wave input (phase modulated spectroscopy, PMS). In this paper, we describe the theoretical principle of phase change in PMS measurement due to the heterogeneity. The phase change in a dynamic system is studied experimentally by using an experimental model and simple physiological systems. !13
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