Lightweight constructions in technical water supply systems of thermal and nuclear power plants

摘要

Based on the analysis of constructive-technological, functional operation of technical water supply systems of thermal and nuclear power plants (TPP, NPP and CHP) it is determined, that using water flow rates up to 100 m3 / s and more for cooling, which are taken from the water bodies (reservoirs, large rivers) and dumping the same amount of water heated to 8-10 degrees back, causes a multifunctional change in the aquatic environment. In order to balance the anthropogenic load on the water body used as a reservoir-cooler, various design solutions are currently used in selecting the estimated water discharges and dumping the heated water into a water body. The reservoirs are made of traditional building materials that require large capital expenditures, and most important, they are ineffective in protecting alluvial stations from the indication of various species young fish and in the distribution of the heated water on the water surface of the cooler reservoir. Based on the results of innovative and constructive studies of lightweight water intake structures and jet distribution structures made of high-strength synthetic fabric materials of domestic production, the soft floating structures (SFSs) have been developed. They provide protection of pumping units from young fish with an efficiency up to 90% as well as the environmentally necessary management of the distribution of heated waters on the surface of the reservoir-cooler. The achieved research results have successfully passed the industrial approbation at the Konakovskaya and Stavropol regional power stations.