Groundwater Formation and the Ecological State of Springs in the Central Part of the Volga-Don Interfluve

摘要

Groundwater plays a vital role in the development of the Central part of the Volga-Don interfluve, especially in those settlements where it is the only source of water supply. Material for the study of this territory included the collection and analysis of literary sources, the study of maps. 19 springs were studied expeditionary from April to November 2010-2013 and 2016-2018. The district is located within the Volga-Khoper and Donetsk-Don artesian basins of reservoir waters. Groundwater is confined to all divisions of the sedimentary strata of the basins. Distribution of operational resources of fresh groundwater in the Central part of the Volga-Don interfluve is uneven. The greatest capacity of fresh water is in the Northern part on the border of Gorodishchensky and Dubovsky districts of the Volgograd region - 400 m. Average indicators are observed in the West of the district - up to 200 m. In the central part of the interfluve, a small strip stretches from the southwest to the northeast, where the freshwater capacity is 100 m. Forecast resources of the Central part of the Volga-Don interfluve are 56 thousand m~3/day, where with mineralization up to 1.0 g/dm~3-52.1 thousand m~3/day, which allows the study area to be attributed to areas partially provided with fresh groundwater. Studies have shown that the water quality in some springs does not meet the requirements of GOST (Russian Federal Standard) 2874-82. Indicators are greatly exceeded according to various chemical elements. Their presence in excess of the norm indicates a negative human impact. In most springs, water quality meets sanitary and epidemiological requirements.