The paper is addressing various viewpoints on theoretical metrology and components thereof. The necessity to develop a methodological basis for the theory of measurement is considered. The authors proposed to switchover to axiom-based constructing of metrology theoretical foundations; at that, axiom defining fundamental value of a priori knowledge, axiom describing measurement process procedure, basic postulate of metrology and axiom of measurement result assessment procedure - all of them take on the role of main ones. Authors scrutinized the postulate about existence of true value of measured quantity and gave attention to uncertainty and error estimates underlining that axiomatic fundamentals of metrology are still in nascent stage and, therefore, require focused attention of the researchers.
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