Development of Ergonomic Methods and Means of Ensuring the Safety of the Functioning of Large-Scale Interactive Monitoring and Control Systems

摘要

The development of mechanisms to prevent the emergence of abnormal and emergency situations is one of the most important tasks in creating highly reliable interactive monitoring and managing systems for complex scientific and technical objects. In many of such objects, the time between the apparent manifestation of the slipping of a controlled object into an abnormal mode and the onset of an uncontrolled development of an accident is so small that the situation can in no be rectified in any way. One way to solve the problem is operative reorganize in time the management system, namely preemptive criterial adaptation. The article analyzes several important defining aspects of the development of mechanisms for preventing the occurrence of anomalous and emergency situations. The interface of human-operator interaction and software-hardware for monitoring and managing complex dynamic objects is described. The organization of visual support of the logical analysis of the situation by the human-operator on the basis of causal mnemonic schemes is described. The main principles that should guide the creation of such support are given.