The last two decades have seen an explosion of interest in two- dimensional materials,which now can be synthesized in either single or a few atomic layer forms.The discovery of novel fabrication methods for creating two-dimensional materials such as graphene, zinc oxide,silicon carbide,boron nitride,and molybdenum disulfide has opened a new field of materials research with promising applica- tions for energy technologies.Single-layer materials not only repre- sent the ultimate scaling in the vertical direction,but also show a variety of novel and useful electronic,optical,and mechanical prop- erties.However,the number of materials that have been synthesized in two-dimensional(2D)form is limited.There are potentially many more candidate materials awaiting discovery,which could have transformative properties.
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