Interfacing catalysts to photovoltaics is an attractive approach to artificial photosynthesis. However, the realization of silicon based solar-to-fuel devices is challenging due to the intrinsic instability of this material under aqueous conditions, particularly at high pH. A widely studied approach to enhance stability is to employ protective surface coatings, such as TiO2 or transparent conducting oxides. However, these coatings frequently result in interfacial charge transfer efficiency losses.
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