Kindergarten Teachers' Directive Speech Acts for Parenting towards their Students In the Teaching-Learning Process in Yogyakarta

摘要

This preliminary study is intended to find out the types of directive speech acts produced by the kindergarten teachers for parenting towards the students, to know the sentence types used by the teachers in the directives and to reveal the lingual and nonlingual markers are indicating the parenting for the kindergarten students by their teachers. The underlying theories of pragmatics, pragmalinguistics, parenting, and parenting language were used as the basis for solving the problems. This research belongs to ethnographic qualitative type. The research object is directive speech acts, while the research subject is the kindergarten teachers from six kindergartens in Yogyakarta plus two others outside the city. The data were gathered by using a passive participant observation method followed by recording and noting techniques. Meanwhile, Spradley's model of data analysis was used to analyze the data, namely the procedural analysis and the lingual analysis. Pragmatic identity method was used in the lingual analysis. The research findings show that the types of directive speech acts produced by the kindergarten teachers for parenting towards their students consist of singing, guiding, commanding, requesting, suggesting, forbidding, inviting, and addressing or greeting. Guiding was the commonest type used by the teachers for parenting. Although having less pragmatic force, the kindergarten students were also ordered by the teachers by using various types of sentence, namely imperative, declarative, and interrogative. Concerning the lingual markers, with given reasons, the terms lho, (h)ayo, ya and passive imperative forms were very commonly used by the teachers to more politely ask the students to do something. Meanwhile, the teachers' specific bodily actions while moving surrounding the class were most dominantly used by the teachers as the nonlingual markers for doing parenting for the kindergarten students. Whatever forms of directive speech acts produced by the kindergarten teachers, either polite or seemingly impolite, are aimed at doing parenting for the students.