Traditions of Classicism in the European Architecture of the XX Century

摘要

Analysing the architectural theory and practice of the XX century,many researchers focus on currents and directions,united by the name”modern”.The beginning of this approach was put by Manifesto of Futurism(Filippo Tommaso Marinetti,1909),which proclaimed the need for each generation to create his own living environment.This type of thinking was characteristic of most architects of the XX century,who created”new traditions”.In parallel,artistic trends developed,based on regionalism,the traditions of neoclassicism or historicism.The variety of the phenomena of architecture of the XX century can be placed between two poles.The first pole defines”The spirit of time”(Zeitgeist),i.e.caused by the needs of our time social,technical,aesthetic and other problems,realized in theory and practice in the corresponding architectural forms.Toward another pole,architectural solutions gravitate due to the search for the Ideal of Architecture,Hegel's”perfect being,”not related to time and the cause of its emergence.One of the options for such searches was the use of classic forms.An analysis of the use of the traditions of classicism in the architecture of the XX century is devoted to this publication.