Factors of Successful Adaptation of Migrants in the Labor Market in the European Union

摘要

This article, we presented the results of the analysis of donor and recipient countries on the balance of migration movements for the period from 2006 to 2017. As a result, we identified 23 countries that are most attractive to migrants, of which the largest number migrants are: Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Sweden, France, Switzerland. Ten countries that actively leave migrants were withdrawn: Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Greece, Croatia, Portugal, Bulgaria, Estonia, Moldova. It is to these countries that migrants annually spend more than 18 trillion euros to support their families in their former homeland. The study made it possible to identify two key factors contributing to the successful acquisition by pre-term migrants of citizenship in host countries: the level of labor productivity (which depends on education and professional competencies) and the presence of basic or higher basic digital skills. Thus, the level of education, competencies, qualifications, have an impact on the growth of labor productivity and, consequently, contribute to the successful acquisition of citizenship by migrants in receiving countries.