The automotive windshield,with which pedestrians come into frequent contact during car accidents,has been identified as one of the main sources for severe pedestrian head injuries.Finite element simulation of head-to-windshield is widely used for the design and evaluation of car safety performance.Most of the windshield models used in the simulations for pedestrian head injury studies are simplified model.However,accurate modelling of windshield mechanical behaviour is necessary for good prediction of head injury during car-to-pedestrian collision.The purpose of this paper is to improve the model of automobile windshield for simulation of a collision between a pedestrian and a car.The laminated glass windshields of various thickness were tested according to UNECE R43.The deformation and crack pattern were recorded for validation of the finite element model.The finite element models of two layers and three layers laminate glass were developed.Element deletion method and share node techniques were employed for crack propagation pattern.Appropriate mesh size and shaped were obtained.The simulation results were compared with the experimental results of ball drop tests.The simulation results of the laminated glass model with two layers,1mm-triangle mesh shows good agreement with the experimental results.This laminated glass model was then implemented to the windshield of the car.Simulation of headform impact tests according to the EEVC protocol on pedestrian protection were performed.The results in terms of head deceleration,crack pattern and windshield energy absorption were compared with the test results.Good agreement can be seen.
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