Strategic approaches of combined electrothermal processing of coal and carbonate mineral raw materials for obtainment of highly efficient synthetic energy carriers and non-fuel products

摘要

Coal gasification and the production of gaseous fuels include three principal directions related to the production of fuel gas: 1) composition and heat capacity of the produced gas; 2) gas generator structures; 3) characteristic properties of the obtained alternative product - low CO content and gas toxicity, which allow making full use of this gas for domestic purposes. In industrial processes of coal conversion, the following combined technologies are used most often: - semi-coking + gasification of fixed ash (low-temperature coke); - semi-coking + hydrogenation of liquid product (tar); - gasification + synthesis of high molecular weight hydrocarbons from the produced SYN gas (CO+H) (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis). The choice of the layout for obtaining SLF (synthetic liquid fuel) can be based on specific conditions, the cost and quality of coal, energy supply, market conditions. The products obtained in the process of gasification and hydrogenation of coals pollute the atmosphere much less than the coal burned in electrical power plants. When implementing the organizational and technological model of innovative production, the first stage includes the following combined approaches for the processing of mineral raw materials and new products: 1. processing of carbonic mineral raw materials: calcium carbide, carbon dioxide (in a gaseous, liquid or solid state); 2. acetylene, plant growth regulators (PGRs), plant protection products (TAKAR). The second stage includes fuel and non-fuel products: 1. synthetic ethyl alcohol (ethanol), antifreeze, ethylene glycol, dichloroethane, synthetic drying oils, acetone, etc.; 2. carbamide (urea), ammonia, nitrogen in gaseous and liquid states, methanol, gasoline, etc.