The urban underlying surface is key component in waterlogging control and low-impact development initiatives, including sponge cities. Using remote sensing and geographic information system data, we analyzed the relationship between natural green infrastructure (NGI) landscapes and urban submerged areas in the central urban region of Fuzhou, China. For simulations of centennial-returning storm with 2 or 4 hours of rainfall, submerged depths were 3.943 and 4.055 m, respectively. Submerged areas were characterized by high population densities and high levels of human activity. Between 2006 and 2014, NGI landscapes disappeared and were converted to impervious surfaces. Spatial association rule mining revealed a strong association between areas that were converted from NGI landscape and areas that were submerged in our simulations. Finally, we make some suggestions for sponge city planning based on our analyses of the change in urban NGI landscape patterns using ecology indices.
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