Energy cost reduction measures within P&P mills have become a priority. Biomass provides 60 % of P&P mill energy consumption, but there is still substantial utilization of fossil fuels and opportunities to cost-effectively reduce energy consumption and increase green power generation. Techniques, such as process integration, have been widely used to identify process energy inefficiencies and heat recovery opportunities, with demonstrated energy savings of up to 30% in energy and water. Performing an energy efficiency analysis is a complex task and often difficult to translate into tangible projects. FPInnovations, in collaboration with CanmetENERGY, has developed a unique expertise that combines its deep knowledge of pulp and paper making processes, with novel energy efficiency approaches. Several studies performed on North American P&P mills revealed a high tangible recovery potential in energy and water (0.1- 1 M$/year per project identified, and 1-4 M$/year per mill). In this paper, the process integration approach and seven different energy efficient cases are described. The energy conservation measures proposed to P&P mills consider the operation variability and configuration constraints of the process, as well as the impact on overall energy, water and utility system. Mill personnel also developed an energy efficiency mindset as a result of these studies,
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