Molecular Marker-Assisted Introgression of Wild Asparagus Species Genome into the Cultivated Asparagus officinalis L.

摘要

Interspecific hybridization in Asparagus genus is expected to introgress desirable characteristics of wild species (good taste of spears, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses) into the cultivated one (A. officinalis L). To this purpose two species spontaneous in the Mediterranean climate were considered: A. maritimus L. Miller, resistant to rust disease (Puccinia asparagi) and tolerant to sa A. acutifolius L., adapted to xerophytic conditions. Besides both species are well known for good taste of their spears. To overcome the sexual incompatibility between A. officinalis and A. acutifolius a bridge-cross "A. officinalis (4n) × A. maritimus (4n)" was necessary. The "three-ways" interspecific hybrid plant obtained (OMA) was crossed to the tetraploide A. officinalis cultivar 'Violetto d'Albenga' and eight BC_1 (OMAO) plants were generated. One of these plants gave nine dihaploid (DH) and seven tetraploid androgenetic clones following in vitro anther culture. Dihaploid plants crossed with diploid A. officinalis genotypes gave F_1 fertile plants (DO). The objective of this study was the assessment of genomic introgression of A. acutifolius and A. maritimus into progenies derived from backcross to A. officinalis by means of RAPD molecular markers. Results obtained showed that A. acutifolius genome was present in the OMA plant, but most of it was lost in the genotypes derived both from backcrosses with A. officinalis and anther culture. Moreover, the genome introgression of A. maritimus was not demonstrated because none of the markers used discriminated this species from A. officinalis.