Olive (Olea europaea L.) Pathologies and Pests in Catamarca Province, Argentina

摘要

In Catamarca, olive growing includes 27,400 ha representing 23.8% of Argentina total planting. This province has 70% of its area with mountains and variable weather conditions integrating the semi-arid region. Disease surveys were often conducted to know the olive disease and pest current status in less than 15-year-old and traditional (more than 50-year-old) orchards. The fungi identified in roots were: Verticillium dahliae ('Arauco', 'Arbequina', 'Frantoio', 'Manzanilla', 'Peranzana', 'Picual'), species of Fusarium, Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia. In leaves: Cercospora cladosporioides, Phyllosticta, branches: Phomopsis ('Carolea'), fruits: Sphaeropsis dalmatica ('Coratina', 'Manzanilla', 'Moraiolo', 'Picual') and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ('Arbequina', 'Empeltre', 'Frantoio', 'Moraiolo', 'Peranzano'). New pathologies (weeping, leaf deformations, drying syndrome, trunk canker, nodules in branches and trunks) were recorded mainly in cultivars 'Carolea', 'Manzanilla' and 'Moraiolo'. Among olive pests: ash whitefly Siphoninus phillyreae: ('Arauco', 'Manzanilla'), bud mite Aceria oleae (all cultivars), scales Parlatoria oleae and Aspidiotus hederae ('Arauco', 'Arbequina', 'Frantoio'). In July 2007, several frosts damaged young olive trees located in low areas.