Ecological Risk Assessment of Typhoon and Storm-surge Disasters in the Coastal Land of China

摘要

Coastal area has a comprehensive feature of specific geographical advantages, vulnerable ecosystems, responder portal to global change and dense population and economy. Because of high occurrence of typhoon and storm-surge, much attention has being attracted to risk assessment of typhoon and storm-surge. The former researches on typhoon and storm-surge risk mostly focused on population, buildings and property, few referring to natural ecosystems. This study focuses on ecological risk assessment of typhoon and storm-surge disasters in the coastal land of China. The risk sources, typhoon and storm-surge, their intensities are expressed by occurrence probability during the past fifty years. Risk receptor are ecosystems, their value are expressed in ecosystem capital, a synthesizing result of ecological material products and ecosystem services. And ecological-environmental vulnerability was taken into consideration, based on the data of geomorphologic, surface, meteorological and human activity. The ecological risk bases on relative assessment model, equal to the ecological-environmental vulnerability multiplied by the ecosystem capital multiplied by risk source occurrence probability. The assessment results showed that: the area of high ecological risk of typhoon and storm-surge, respectively, took about 25% of the whole occurrence area; the area around Qiongzhou Strait and Taiwan Strait was a common place of high risk of typhoon and storm-surge to land; Fujian province and Guangdong province needed highly attention and prevention for the high risk of typhoon and storm-surge; under the impact of typhoon and storm-surge, forestland and farmland were most suffered ecosystem types, with the highest eco-capital loss. According to the results, adaptive management measures and suggestion were given.