Progress in industrial CO_2 sequestration technologies by mineral carbonation of steel slag with particular reference to climate change - A South African perspective

摘要

A national estimate for aviation use was calculated by considering new aircraft registered in the country in 2005 (all of which would be equipped with NiCd batteries), and cell replacement in older aircraft. Batteries were estimated to weigh 35-55kg with each cell contributing 1.75 – 2.75 kg. The number of cells replaced in 2005 was estimated from aircraft registrations in the years 1990-1995 by assuming normally distributed battery lifespans corresponding to a 95% confidence interval of 10-15 years, in agreement with industry estimates. The prevalence of NiCd use among aircraft of different sizes was accommodated through industry estimates. Batteries are generally serviced at the aviation hubs of Johannesburg and Pretoria, and it is likely that cells were usually replaced there. (B. Rothman, Cape Aero Services, R. Grobbelaar, Aviation Battery Services, J. Grobbelaar, National Aircraft Corporation, pers. comms, January 2009) The cadmium flows associated with the use of NiCd batteries in aviation, scaled by population to a Cape Town estimate, are detailed in Table 1.