Using Appropriate Technology and Social Entrepreneurship to Help Transform Poor Communities

摘要

Many approaches to poverty issues are from a top-down perspective using governmental policies and spending to try to make changes. This paper examines a bottom-up approach using technology and social entrepreneurship as tools to make a difference in the economies of developing nations. As local people are equipped with the knowledge and skills of appropriate technology and social entrepreneurship they can improve their lives. By social entrepreneurship we mean the development of companies that have as part of their purpose the improvement of the local society in which they are created. In order to do this they also have to make a product that people want at a price that will allow them to make a profit and stay in business. Engineers play a critical role in this process. The technological advances of the past century have brought a dramatic improvement in the standard of living for the most fortunate one billion people in the world. However, too little attention has been given to developing technology that can significantly improve the quality of life of the poorest two billion people who struggle just to survive. This technology needs to be simple, cheap, manufactured in country, easily maintained by nationals in rural villages, and culturally acceptable. Basic human needs for clean water, a small source of clean energy (e.g., electricity rather than kerosene lanterns for lighting, for example), and sanitation are seldom met. With a focus on service, technology can be an instrument of peace, community development, restoration of human dignity, and the alleviation of hunger and suffering. This happens as these endeavors and their practitioners orient their craft toward an end that has meaning as well as economic profit. We will illustrate our approach by discussing engineering service projects that students in our university have completed. They have implemented projects in East Africa and Central America. We are currently working on other projects in the Pacific Rim. These case studies will be analyzed to show how student engineering service projects can transform lives. The students who participate also have their own lives changed as they gain a new vision on how to practice engineering.