Integrated Use of Bio-Residues and Fertilizers in Crop Production for Environmental Protection in Relation to Modern Farm Machines and Allelochemicals

摘要

Introduction of high yielding varieties of crops, save the food problem for human beings. However, these varieties could only convert the large biomass in the form of grains rather than increase in total biomass production that why harvest index is comparatively more. While on the other side these HYV could only be grow with high input of fertilizers, assured availability of moisture with timely farm operation. For these large number of fertilizer chemical and pesticides floated in the market on one side and increase in irrigation potential created water logging situation in many area which otherwise become source of pollution in the environment. Similarly bullocks power in most regions of country decline sharply in last few decades and tractor drawn farm implements linearly increased in all most all seasons. If we see the imbalance and combined effect of these farm machines for cultivation of high yielding varieties cause decline in productivity of crops and soil fertility. To overcome with these harmful effects integrated use of legume based bio-residues of subabool and wheat residues with different combinations of fertilizers. The interaction of these inputs combined with tractor operated cultivator, disc harrow, rotavator and mould board plough. The results of this integration of input revealed that number of phyto-chemicals come in the process of decomposition of residues. Further, the residual effect of one crop on the other crop was noticed in sole as well as in rotation with sorghum-oats, sorghum - wheat, sorghum-chickpea, sorghum-berseem and sorghum +cowpeas- pigeon pea. Thus application of dry residues up to 4% on dry weight basis could enhance the germination of most field crops that might be due to release of different phytochemicals. However, when the concentration of these residues further increased, the germination and establishment of crops get affected. The legumes get more affected in the crop production system than the cereals. Thus beneficial effect of these released phytochemicals in crop production could be widely adopted for safe use of fertilizers and proper use of farm machine. These could protect the environment for betterment of future generations. The detailed results present in the oral/full text of manuscript.