Presentation for 2nd CIGRE/IEE PES Symposium 5-7 Oct. New Orleans

摘要

The demand for capacity reservations at the transmission interconnections between Control Areas in Central Europe is usually much higher than the capacity available for electricity trading. It is expected, that as a consequence of market opening according to the market liberalisation in Europe, the demand will further increase over time. In the beginning of 90th, before liberalisation of electricity market, there were vertically integrated utilities - monopolies in each of Central European countries. Cross border exchange was mainly between two utilities, and only as an addition to the overall national balance. Utilisation of interconnectors was planned together with system balance planning and there was under normal operation no congestions. As a consequence of restructuring heavy industry there was massive surplus of installed capacity in Poland and Czech republic. Electricity market in Germany was opened in 1999, later in 2001 Czech Market and in 2004 finally Slovak and Polish electricity market (Polish market was partly opened internally since 2001). Low priced energy was increasingly exported from Czechia , Slovakia and Poland to German market (part of energy later resaled to the south of the Europe). New liberalised legislation opened grid for all market participants on nondiscriminatory and transparent basis. TSOs was requested to offer to the market as much capacity as possible.