SUBSTANTIATION OF THE NECESSITY TO CONSTRUCT CENTERS FOR LONG-TERM REACTOR COMPARTMENT STORAGE AND PRINCIPAL TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS ON ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE STORAGE OF REACTOR UNITS OF DECOMMISSIONED NUCLEAR SUBMARINES

摘要

Multi-purpose utilization of Russian Nuclear Submarines (NSs) is a system of organizational, scientific, technological and industrial activities ensuring the whole cycle of NS utilization-related work from their decommissioning up to disposal of radioactive and other wastes (that cannot be processed). These activities also include the environmental rehabilitation of radiation-dangerous Coastal Servicing Enterprises (CSEs) and Floating Servicing Vessels (FSVs) of the Russian Navy. The basic problem and principal solutions in the technical policy, as applied to the actual economic and political situation in Russia, are stated in "The State Concept of Multipurpose Utilization of Nuclear Powered Vessels". The Concept was developed on the basis of: -research including studying the accumulated activity within the equipment and structures of reactor compartments during NS operation; -comparative technical and economic assessments of possible options regarding handling of both Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) and radiation-dangerous equipment from reactor facilities; -analysis of conditions ensuring nuclear, radiation and environmental safety and consideration of foreign experience in the area under consideration. The implementation of "The State Concept..." resulted from the transfer of the managerial functions related to these activities from the Russian Navy to the RF Minatom. But first of all this was due to the necessity of: -identifying optimal technical solutions the realization of which would be able to eliminate (reduce) wasteful expenses of both budgetary and off-budgetary funds as well as of finances obtained within the framework of international agreements; -ensuring nuclear & radiation safety during the utilization process; -determining most expedient directions of investments when constructing facilities and creating technologies for safe management of SNF, radiation-dangerous equipment in reactor facilities and Radioactive Wastes (RWs). The "Concept..." was developed in the Dollezhal Russian Design Institute of Power Engineering (RDIPE) with the participation of other Russian research institutes & design offices. The Concept was agreed upon with the Ministry of Defense of Russia, the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Industry & Science, the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources, Ministry of Health, Gosatomnadzor (Federal Nuclear & Radiation Safety Authority), Rossudostroenie (Shipbuilding) and approved by the Science & Technical Panel of the Minatom of Russia. Thereafter the Concept was ratified by Minatom leaders and put into action by the RF Government Order № IK-P7-02738 of February 17, 2001.