Defatted soy flour (DSF) is a soy product that remains after soybean oil is removed from soybean flakes. It is an abundant and inexpensive renewable commodity. The composition of defatted soy flour includes soy protein, soy carbohydrate (insoluble carbohydrate), and soy whey (soluble carbohydrate). Structurally, Soy protein is a globular protein and its aggregates are similar to colloidal aggregates, but soy carbohydrate is a non-globular and film-like material. Dry DSF is a rigid material and has a shear elastic modulus of ~ 3 GPa under ambient conditions. Because the high rigidity of a reinforcement phase is one of the requirements in rubber reinforcement, dry DSF is therefore a possible candidate for this application. Previously, the reinforcement effect of DSF and DSF/CB co-fillers was studied in styrene-butadiene matrix and showed a significant reinforcement effect. In this study, the objective is to explore their reinforcement effect in natural rubber matrix. The result shows a very different effect caused by a different rubber matrix.
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