GLOBAL REGULARITIES IN THE OCCURRENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENTALLY DEVASTATED URBAN AREAS AS A FUNDAMENTAL BASIS FOR URBO-MONITORING (METHODOLOGY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOWNS IN RIVER BASINS)

摘要

The current decade of the 20th century at the turn of the century and transition to the 21st century and the 3rd millenium is characterized by numerous natural and man-induced disasters of various scale which give grounds for UN to evaluate this period as International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). The frequency and intensity of catastrophes are governed by the global temporal and spatial laws. Most frequently they are observed in the vicinity of big rivers in the basins of which a great number of towns are located. As a rule, such towns have a long history and many valuable historic and architectural monuments, some of them included in the UNESCO list of the worldwide heritage. Therefore, in order to ensure sustainable development of the above towns it is important to conserve both their cultural heritage and urban objects that support their normal functioning. This fact makes it necessary to adopt a strategy of preventive measures. In this case special emphasis is to be placed on the urbo-monitoring as an instrument to regulate the activity of various experts' groups under risk situations (RS).