In order to investigate various non-linear response characteristics, including buckling, of thin cylindrical shells under vertical and horizontal seismic motion, pseudo-dynamic experiments and non-linear response simulation analysis is performed. It is confirmed that buckling is caused mainly by horizontal seismic loads, and that vertical seismic loads reduce the lateral load-carrying capacity of cylinders and amplify response displacement for a given horizontal seismic load. To evaluate the amplification of non-linear horizontal responses due to vertical input motions, we define a response amplification factor, which is calculated from floor response spectra of seismic waves.
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