Influence of behavioral factors on decision making by individuals and nudge concept: theoretical and experimental analysis

摘要

The subject of the scientific research is a set of economic relations arising from the implementation of rational behavior of citizens. In the framework of the scientific work, a research of behavioral factors of economics and public policy is suggested. Based on an extensive list of references, the authors have developed and proposed nudge methods in the areas of taxation, public health, environmental protection, and education. In recent years, the ideas of behavioral economics have increasingly been used to preserve and improve social welfare. Economic models of individual decisions will help to understand how and why the behavior of most people deviates from the traditional economic model of rationality. This interpretation can lead to a more effective state policy, predicting what influences individual decision making. When the state uses effective levers of control, it is possible to influence the decisions of individuals without limiting their choice. The relevance and controversial character of theoretical foundations of behavioral factors for decision-making by individuals, high practical significance of the nudge concept in the modern economic system predetermined the goal and objectives, specifying the choice of the object of research. The purpose of the research: an experimental analysis of behavioral factors of students' progress in order to improve subsequently the position of Russian universities in the rankings. The methodological basis of the research includes the methods of systemic and structural, functional, factor and comparative analysis with the construction of analytical models based on the synthesis of modern scientific methods of inquiry of economic and social phenomena. The methodological tools of research are graphic, analytical, statistical, economic and mathematical methods of information processing.