SI 2 - TRAJECTORY OF CHANGE: REMODELLING INDIA'S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT INCLUSIVE GROWTH

摘要

India has been pursuing a unique developmental path. Initially it followed a mixed economy concept and now attempting to bypass manufacturing stage and leapfrog from predominantly agrarian to service oriented economy. Along the course of liberalisation since 1991, India has registered an accelerated rate of growth with GDP reaching up to 8% per annum. While the growth may have helped in poverty reduction at some level it has not been without attendant problems such as increasing uneven economic growth, disparities in income individually and regionally and pressure on environment. Innovative industrial development is the focus of policy measures in order to ensure a continued success of India's unusual development path and to mitigate attendant problems risen out of recent economic growth. In this paper we follow the framework of Innovation presented by the National Innovation System paradigm. National Innovation System approach has been found to be an effective methodology of studying the economic development of nations particularly those that fall in the category of developing economies. NIS approach is particularly significant in the context India's recent attempts to restructure its Innovation System. We examine changes occurring in the innovation paradigm and India's trajectory as evidenced from the emerging organizational architecture and institutional arrangements through a survey of studies. In order to set down the nature of the emerging system, the paper focuses on few interrelated issues: 1. To understand and define the conceptual framework of the Innovation 2. System prevailing since 1950s until the 1980s. 3. understanding the transition and the nature of the emerging NIS and 4. to understand the nature of challenges and analyse the impact of policy measures to restructure the NIS 5. to explain the need, the nature and relevance of SI 2 innovations. 6. Delineate the features of emerging NIS For most part of the data the reliance is put on India's Innovation Portal, various studies by international organisations such as the World Bank, IMF, OECD, UN agencies etc. writings and speeches by planners involved in creating this system. Mental models that define the conceptual framework are inexorably determined by the culture and civilisation of the place. Indian policy perspectives strongly reflect this impact. In order to delineate the characteristic features of the new paradigm we make a comparative analysis of the old and the new paradigm. For the final part of this analysis we make use of the recent data and statistics proffered by the public and international agencies. In the final analysis an attempt is made to consolidate the evolution of all institutional structure and to present an integrated view of the emerging NIS of India.