Induced Anther Callogenesis of Capsicum annuum L.

摘要

The significance of organisms with a single chromosome set, as well as the fully homozygotic lines of double haploids originating from them, in modern breeding programmes has been increasing for numerous plant species. In breeding work on C. annuum L., haploid plants and DH lines are being used increasingly in research related to gene mapping, especially with respect to disease resistance. The aim of this work was to determine the effectiveness of the induction of haploids in two cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. species (43 and 40) in the germplasm bank of Universidade Federal de Roraima. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial experiment 5x2, with three replicates for treatments. Anthers were cultured on MS medium containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L~(-1) 2.4-D, with the addition of 0.5 g L~(-1) of activated carbon and 5 mg L~(-1) of silver nitrate, and solidified with 8 g L~(-1) agar. The cultures were incubated in the dark at 35°C for 8 days then they were transferred to 25°C under a 12-h photoperiod. After 14 days, anthers were transferred to new medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L~(-1) kinetin. There was significant interaction between cultivars and 2,4-D medium concentrations. There was callus formation in all treatments except the control, showing that callogenesis is 2,4-D dependent. For 43 variety the best treatment was 2 mg L~(-1) 2,4-D. On the other hand the 40 variety was more responsive to 1.5 mg L~(-1) 2,4-D. Callus was not morphogenic. The efficiency of callogenesis for C. annuum L. was relatively high: 80 and 66.6% for 43 and 40, respectively.