LOW COST REVERSE OSMOSIS THERMO IONIC HYBRID FOR BRINE MANAGEMENT

摘要

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a well practiced technology. Its strengths include sound economics in seawater desalination, known permeate qualities, and established engineering and construction practices. RO can also effectively desalt inland brackish water; however, the cost of managing the RO saline discharge, also referred to as concentrate, reject, or brine, makes many projects prohibitive. In seawater desalination the RO discharge may be returned to the ocean at a reasonable cost if permits are forthcoming. For inland desalination, discharge management of flows measuring roughly 25% of input can account for up to 80% of the total cost of ownership.