GIS-based 3D Urban Modeling Framework Integrating Constraints and Benefits of Ecosystems for Participatory Optimization of Urban Green Space Patterns

摘要

Rapid urbanization is changing our environment coming along with decreasing green spaces in the urban areas. As these green spaces can provide so called ecosystem services contributing to human well-being, such as enhancing the micro-climate, noise reduction or provisioning of cultural values and space for recreation, the citizens' quality of life is affected by this development. However, urban development is the product of the interaction of multiple stakeholders and their awareness of these ecosystem services is low. Thus, tools are needed for better communication of how the provision of services is influenced by changes of the urban pattern applicable in stakeholder participation processes for urban development planning. We present an urban modeling framework integrating parameters of ecosystem service provision in order to enable stakeholders to optimize the distribution and design of urban green spaces. The approach is developed and implemented for the case study of Altstetten, the most populated district of Zurich with about 28'000 inhabitants and an area of 742 ha. Two different modeling approaches are linked: 1) A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is carried out taking into account spatially explicit location conditions and spatial structures for an optimization of green space distribution at district level. 2) The resulting maps with land use information for each parcel are further processed in a rule-based 3D procedural urban model. This model is applying ecological rules of ecosystems' constraints and benefits for the distribution of green space elements on parcel scale. The resulting interactive procedural 3D visualization of possible urban green space patterns is a valuable basis for more informed decision-making in urban planning.