Effect of different N, P, K fertilisation on plant species composition and species richness in an alluvial meadow

摘要

A fertilisation experiment in Admont (Austria) was set up in an alluvial wet meadow in 1946. Since then, 23 fertiliser treatments with various dose of N (nitrogen 80 kg ha~(-1) year"1), P (phosphorus 35 kg ha~(-1) year"1), K (potassium 100 kg ha~(-1)year'1) and a non-fertilised control (Co) have been applied. In 2015 a botanical survey was conducted in selected treatments: (l) Co, (2) P, (3) K, (4) N, (5) KN, (6) PN, (7) PK and (8) NPK fertilisation. The highest number of plant species was revealedin P treatment, the lowest in Co treatment. Four groups of treatments with similar plant species composition were recognised on an ordination diagram based on RDA analysis: Co, P, K, and PK treatments form the first group, PN and KN treatments make up the second group, N treatment comprises the third group and NPK treatment constitutes the fourth group. Legumes Trifolium repens and Trifoliumpratense had the highest abundance in the first group, Agrostis capillaris and Plantago lanceolata were supportedby N, KN and PN treatments, Trisetum flavescens was positively affected by NPK fertilisation. N fertilisation supported short growing species, especially short grasses, P and K fertilisation supported legumes and other forbs.