GC-FID ANALYSIS OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTS OF SILYBUM MARIANUM SEEDS

摘要

Silybum marianum is a plant, member of sunflower family, native of a narrow area of the Mediterranean region. It is known since two miles years by its value estimable into therapeutic (anti-hepatotoxic and hepatoprotective activity) and used like popular and traditional drug. Considered by its high content in antioxidants, it easy acts against the infections of the liver, hepatitis as well as the cirrhosis. The seed has a great wealth of flavonoides (flavonolignanes). The seed oil of milk thistle was extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide and co-solvent (ethanol) extraction, and Soxhlet procedure using various solvents. The experimental parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction which is classic in these extraction techniques including pressure, temperature, particle size and extraction time were optimized. The impact of extraction variables have been evaluated on the yield (11.33 to 39.88%) and fatty acid composition (linoleic acid 55.08% and oleic acid 20.86) of the extracted oil. The analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of fatty acid composition are gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID). The Silybum marianum oil is rich in linoleic acid (omega-6). This fatty-acid is essential to the good performance of the body. It plays an important role in the nervous system, cardiovascular balance and constitutes a protection against free radicals, responsable for the aging of the skin.