Equity measurement of spatial layout for emergency shelters with consideration of the needs of vulnerable populations

摘要

As important facilities to ensure urban public safety, the spatial layout of emergency shelters should be able to meet the basic needs of urban residents for refuge. This paper presents a model for measuring the equity of spatial layout for emergency shelters based on the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method. The model improves the searching methods for shelters and settlements, introduces the distance decay function and the vulnerable population parameters. The case study results using the improved 2SFCA in the Shichahai area shows that the model could indicate whether the shelter layout and population distribution are well-matched under the condition that the total scale of emergency shelters could meet all population needs.