Mathematical modelling is a key enabling tool in the analysis and design of measurement systems and measuring instrumentation. This paper highlights the importance and the use of advanced mathematical modelling techniques for design, analysis and performance evaluation of sensors and actuators in measurement and instrumentation systems. After a brief introduction, it illustrates the use of numerical finite element (FE) modelling technique for analysis and design of sensors and actuators. This is based on two case studies in which FE modelling methodologies have been used for the analysis and design of a high performance torque motor actuator and a robust capacitive sensor used in this actuator for angular position sensing. Various modelling considerations are discussed and the methods of their FE realisation are analysed.
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