Natural underground environments can be very hostile. The aim of speleological rescue is to avoid fatal consequences after an accident. Most of these situations can be adequately managed only by doctors with a broad experience as speleologists and also with high technical abilities, thus allowing "in situ" assistance to the injured caver. There are very few medical professionals who are cavers. We consider the speleologist doctor specialized in anaesthesiology as one of the health professionals better fitting the requirements to deal with the diverse pathologies in underground accidents.
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