THE BARCELONA SOLAR ORDINANCE

摘要

The City of Barcelona has a mean insolation time of 2,351 hours/year and the solar radiation is 14.5 MJ/m{sup}2/day or 1,470 kWh/m{sup}2/year. The surface of Barcelona receives 524.35 PJ/year or 145.65 TWh/year of energy. This energy is equivalent to 10 times the energy consumption of the city and 28 times the electricity consumption. The energy needed to heat the sanitary water used by all the families living in it is equivalent to more than 960 million kWh/year (42% electricity and 58% natural gas). Before June 1995 there were only 700 m{sup}2 of solar collectors in Barcelona. Between 1995 and 1999 there have been installed new thermal solar heaters mainly in municipal buildings, adding 600 m{sup}2. Now there are about less than 1,500 m{sup}2 of solar collectors. For the Sun to supply energy for all the domestic hot water the city uses for sanitary purposes, it will be necessary to cover 1.61 km{sup}2 of surface (it represents only a small fraction of the entire city surface: 1.61% or 2.82% of the built surface). It corresponds to 1m{sup}2/inhabitant or 2.4 m{sup}2/apartment or 20 m{sup}2/residential building. In order to make possible to start using this huge amount of energy delivered by the Sun, the city of Barcelona adopted in July 1999 a very innovative solar law called 'Barcelona Solar Ordinance'.