CONTRIBUTION OF THE A- AND D-GENOME DIPLO1D PROGENITOR SPECIES OF WHEAT TO DISEASE RESISTANCE AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN THEIR DERIVED SYNTHETIC AMPHIPLOIDS

摘要

Several amphiploids, involving accessions of diploid Triticeae (Triticum urartu, T. boeoticum, T. monococcum and T. tauschii) species and durum wheat (T. turgidnm var. durum), were produced in order to improve the resistance/tolerance of bread (T. aestivum) and durum wheat to biotic/abiotic stresses. Field testing against biotic (Helminthosporium sativum, Neovossia indica, Fusarium grammearum, and Septoria tritici) and abiotic (toxic levels of salt and aluminum, and reduced irrigation) stresses, showed that the synthetic amphiploids possessed the genetic diversity for resistance/tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses of the diploid donor species used in their synthesis since the durum cultivars were susceptible. Electrophoretic analysis of endosperm proteins revealed that some of the glutenin protein subunits inherited by the synthetic amphiploids from the diploid donor species were not found in durum wheat and/or bread wheat. Differences in quality related characteristics were observed in each of the two synthetic amphiploid types produced: T. twgidum x T. tauschii (2n=6x=42, AABBDD) and T. turgidum x A-genome Triticum species (2n=6x=42, AAAABB). The D-genome synthetic wheats (AABBDD) are now being used extensively to improve bread wheat by crossing. Synthetic amphiploids derived from the A-genome (AAAABB) are in the initial stages of testing and exploitation. Utilization of these novel genetic diversity sources for wheat improvement will be elucidated.