Interaction Effects of Air Pollution and Influenza Vaccination on Allergic Respiratory Diseases and Symptoms in Chinese Children: The Seven Northeast Cities Study

摘要

Background Few studies explore the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in children who expose the long-term high-intensity air pollution. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential roles of interaction effects between air pollutions and influenza vaccination on children's allergic respiratory diseases and related symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 56,137 school-aged children from 27 administrative districts in seven cities in north China. Parents of the children helped to complete questionnaires which contain the social demography characters, histories for respiratory symptoms and illness of children, the environment for dwelling, school, or other activities areas, the situation of influenza vaccination and other risk factors. A multi-level logistic regression model was used to analyze the roles of interaction effects between influenza vaccine and air pollution on children's respiratory health. Results Among the vaccine groups compared with the unvaccinated group, the lower incidence rates were appeared in the symptoms of asthma, current diagnosis of asthma, wheezing, cough, phlegm and rhinitis. The significant effects of interactions between particulate matters (PM) and influenza vaccine inoculation for PM1.0 and PM2.5 on children's symptoms of asthma were found (P<0.01). The associations between PM2.5 exposure and asthma were weaker in the children with influenza vaccination (OR: 1.213, 95%CI: 1.159,1.269) than the children without influenza vaccination (OR: 1.332, 95%CI: 1.280, 1.387). The interaction effects between PM2.5 and influenza vaccine among boys with current asthma were significant (P=0.023). Conclusions The potential effects of interactions between air pollutions and influenza vaccine inoculation on children's respiratory health were found in this study. The differences of the susceptibility of asthma between boys and girls were found when the children exposed air pollutions and influenza vaccination.