Spectral analysis of heart rate variability applied in the exercise of professional shooting athletes

摘要

The aim of the study is to quantify the alteration in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) function of professional shooting athletes before,during and after the match and examine whether some indices reflecting the activity of the ANS are related to their sports capacity and performance.Seven male professional shooters with various sports capacity participated in the study.Heart rate variability (HRV) signals of each subject under three situations (rest,match and postmatch) were collected by a one-channel recorder.Then a method of fast Fourier transform was used to calculate the power spectra of different frequency bands for all the data.The average heart rate (HRAve),and three frequency-domain parameters:normalized low frequency component (LFnorm),normalized high frequency component (HFnorm) and the ratio of low frequency component to high frequency (LF/HF) were evaluated.The results show that at rest,HRAve is 66±7 beats/min,LFnorm is 47.46±8.38 nu,HFnorm is 46.96±10.26 nu and LF/HF is 1.33±0.58; and during the match,HRAve is 82±12 beats/min,LFnorm is 73.74±13.55 nu,HFnorm is 24.55±13.97 nu and LF/HF is 5.73±4.59.The differences of all the measures between rest and match are statistically significant (t test,P<0.05).After the match,all the parameters go back toward their normal values.Therefore our preliminary findings suggest that during the match,the activation of sympathetic nerve of ANS in shooters is increased,whereas the activation of parasympathetic branch is withdrawn,and a sympathovagal balance is shifted to sympathetic predominance.Furthermore,it seems that all the three frequencydomain indicators in the high-level athletes with a good performance during the match have a wider varying range than those in the lower-level shooters.HRV spectral analysis may be a new approach to monitoring the process of shooting exercise.HRV frequency-domain indicators may have potential value in the assessment of training quality.