A modular approach has been developed to biofunctionalize a microano structured surface. P(Py-PyCOOH) particles were synthesized and grafted with model proteins. These bioactive particles can be mixed and easily assembled to the surface of a conductive PPy membrane to form a multi-biofunctionalized conducting material. The particles were firmly immobilized to the surface through physical entanglement with the microano structures on membrane surface. Such a bioactive, electrically conductive and flexible substrate may find applications in sensing, neural prostheses, and medical electrical stimulation. This modular approach may be generalized to other types of bioactive particles and microano structured surfaces.
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