Gas-solid fluidized beds with their characteristic rapid particle mixing, possess high rates of heat and mass transfer and are thus, widely used in industry. However, since experimental measurements are intrinsically difficult to acquire in such systems (1), numerical models considering solid-solid and solid-fluid interactions at different scales have been applied to study the dynamics of fluidized beds (2). In particular, the DEM-CFD model, i.e. the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with a finite volume computational fluid dynamics solver (CFD), is becoming increasingly popular. DEM-CFD simulations provide detailed information of gas-solid systems, such as the trajectories of and the contact forces between particles.
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