Flowering information of wine grape affects its flower visitors

摘要

Flowering progress, flower quantitative characteristics, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, flower visitors and their visiting frequency on four varieties of wine grape and Vitis amurensis were studied at Changyu Castel Chateau winery in Yantai, Shandong. The sub-micromorphological characteristics of pollen and stigma of these five grape varieties were observed by a scanning electron microscope (TM-1000). We observed that single flower blooming lasted for 5-9 days, pollen vitality lasted for 5-8 days, and stigma receptability lasted for 2-4 days. At around 8:00-9:00 in the morning, flower numbers increased remarkably The flower visitors genus included Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Araneae, such as bees, aphids, beetles, spiders among others. Of all, Syrphidaes were the most frequent visitors. The visiting time was mainly clustered at 8:00-10:00, 14:30-15:30. However, weather conditions including cloud cover, strong winds and rainfall could affect the number of visitors.