The critical use of ideal transformers and gyrators in bond graph modeling is predicated by the notion that additional elements can be appended to reflect reality. For many systems of practical interest, the prereticulation implied by this approach can lead to unsatisfactory, if not erroneous, results. In this paper, formulations of two-port canonical models of lossy power transduction processes are presented. Examples are included to illustrate how, when necessary, these universally applicable models can be parameterized using partial or synoptic measurements. Such an approach is preferable for many modern model-based studies that seek simplicity yet demand realism.
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