IMPLEMENTING SAFETY CULTURE IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY

摘要

Angra 1 nuclear power plant is a 657 MW(e) PWR, located in Brazil, and designed by Westinghouse in the 1970s. Construction began in 1974 and commercial operation commenced in January 1985. At Angra, in order to solve any problems we use two basic safety concepts: safety cannot be underestimated, jeopardized or neglected and feedback experience, both in-house and external, shall be maximized. In this respect, several tools are being used: (a) A Total Quality Programme is being implemented with the participation of the majority of our employees. (b) An '5S' programme was established within the plant. (c) A self-assessment methodology is being applied in the Chemistry Section. (d) A re-engineering process is being applied involving three related areas - the Plant Technical Support Division, Site Construction Engineering, and Corporate Headquarters Engineering, (e) The Head of the Divisions within the Plant shall possess or should have possessed a Senior Reactor Operator (SRO) licence. (f) The Plant Manager and his deputy are present when an operator is requali-fied in the simulator. (g) A programme very similar to the well-known 'STAR' is being prepared for implementation in 1995. STAR stands for: Stop, Think, Act, Review. (h) A formal programme was established involving all the managers of the Divisions together with the Plant Manager, who simultaneously visit the plant every two weeks. (i) An independent Safety Group was created. One of its missions is the development of a plant specific Level 1 probabilistic safety assessment (PSA). (j) An Outage Group was formed permanently, with a SRO licenced engineer as manager. (k) Every operator who manipulates any control in the control room shall possess a valid RO or SRO licence. (1) The Shift Supervisor position is occupied by a qualified engineer with at least a BSc degree.